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Economic Performances in the Americas |
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Economic Performances
in the Americas compares the economic performances of Brazil, Mexico and the USA
over the past half century. As with most other high and middle-income countries
their economies are service-sector orientated and have been for several decades.
This book encompasses all sectors of the economy but focuses primarily on services,
analysing both the main trends in the various service industries in Brazil and
Mexico and the underlying forces shaping their huge expansion. The growth of services
obscures large differences between the two Latin countries and the USA in terms
of the types of services that gained importance and the driving growth forces.
The author provides a fascinatingly unique and comprehensive overview of the long
run development of the entire service sector in the countries discussed. Using
new methods for international comparisons of output and productivity in services,
Nanno Mulder examines the impact of the increased service sector orientation in
the overall economy. Relative to the USA, the Brazilian and Mexican service sectors
performed better than agriculture and to a lesser extent, industry. However, this
positive contribution hides large discrepancies, with some service industries
showing important productivity gains whereas others turned out stagnant.
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Nanno Mulder |
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| 1.
Introduction |
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| 2.
Structural Change and the Shift to Services |
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Introduction |
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Changes
in sectoral Composition and the Process of Development |
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The
Larger Share of Services in Final and Intermediate Demand |
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Why
the Service Share Grew Faster in Employment than in GDP? |
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Overall
Trends and Compositional Changes |
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| 3.
Measurement of Real Service Output |
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Measurement
of Service Output |
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Research
on Real Output Measurement |
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Real
Output Measures by Category of Service |
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Transport and Communications |
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Transport
and Communications in the Last Two Centuries |
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Comparison
of Output and Productivity Levels in 1975 |
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Reconciliation
of Census and National Accounts Data |
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Labour
Productivity |
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Conclusion |
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| 5.
Wholesale and Retail Trade |
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Long-term
Trends |
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Determinants
of Demand for Distributive Services |
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Measurement
of Output and Productivity in Distributive Services |
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Value
Added and Employment in 1975/77 |
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Comparative
Output and Productivity Levels |
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Financial Services |
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Long-Term
Development |
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Determinants
of Long-Term Development |
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Output
and Productivity Levels |
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| 7.
Health Care |
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Introduction |
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Long-Term
Development |
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Determinants
of Long-Term Development |
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Output
and Productivity Levels |
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| 8.
Education |
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Introduction |
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Long-Term
Development |
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Determinants
of Long-Term Development |
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Output
and Productivity Levels |
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| 9.
Commodity-Producing Sectors |
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Agriculture |
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Mining |
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Manufacturing |
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Construction |
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Comparative Performances of the Service and Commodity Sectors |
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Introduction |
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The
Impact of Sectoral Change on Labour Productivity |
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The
Contribution of Labour Reallocation to Overall Economic Growth |
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Unit
Value Ratios |
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Labour
Productivity Levels, 1975 |
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Comparative
Labour Productivity Performance, 1950-96 |
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Impact
of Differences in Production Structure on Productivity |
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Conclusion |
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| Appendix
A |
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Population
and Employment |
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| Appendix
B |
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GDP
Indices and Levels of GDP |
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| Appendix
C |
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Exchange
Rates and Prices |
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| Appendix
D |
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The
Service Sector |
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| Appendix
E |
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Reconciling
Census and National Accounts Data |
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Edward
Elgar Publishing, 2002 |
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