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N° 2001 - 18 |
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| December |
| Market Access Maps: a Bilateral and Disaggregated
Measure of Market Access |
Antoine Bouët
Lionel Fontagné
Mondher Mimouni
Xavier Pichot |
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| MAcMaps (Market Access Maps) is a bilateral
and disaggregated measure of market access which has been constructed to integrate
the major instruments of protection (ad valorem and specific duties, prohibitions,
tariff quotas, anti-dumping duties, norms) at the most detailed level (tariff
lines), as well as all discriminatory regimes. It is derived from TRAINS (UNCTAD)
source files, and AMAD (the Agricultural Market Access Database results from a
co-operative effort by Agriculture and AgriFood - Canada - , the EU Commission
- Agriculture Direction-, the FAO, the OECD, the World Bank, the UNCTAD, and the
United States Department of Agriculture - Economic Research Service) databases,
and integrating notifications obtained from member countries of the WTO regarding
their anti-dumping regimes. Lastly these files are combined with data from the
COMTRADE (UN) database. MAcMaps measures the market access for 223 exporting countries
into 137 countries at the level of the tariff lines for the year 1999. It can
be applied to any geographic or sectoral breakdown using a procedure that minimises
the endogeneity bias while accounting for the importance of products in international
trade: in MAcMaps, the protection of an importing country is weighted by the imports
of the reference group this country belongs to, the grouping criteria being GDP
per capita. We present four case studies: the first one is a general estimation
of protectionism for 8 countries (European Union, USA, Japan, Australia, Morocco,
Brazil, Switzerland and China) and 6 sectors (Cereals, Other agricultural and
food products, Other primary products, Textiles and clothing, Other manufacturers,
Services). The second case study is an original measurement of tariff peaks. Identifying
the most protected countries is the third case study and the last one is a measurement
of the importance of technical barriers and standards. |
Abstract |
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| Protectionism, market access, custom duties,
tariff quotas, technical norms, environmental norms, anti-dumping duties, tariff
peaks |
Keywords |
| F02, F13, F15, F18 |
JEL classification |
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