https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/theme.asp?idTheme=6https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/img/blog_logo.pnghttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/theme.asp?idTheme=6Le Blog du CEPIIcepiiweb@cepii.fr (CEPII)frCEPIICEPIIhttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1188Thu, 9 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1188https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1188 Matteo Neri-Lainé

]]>Beyond national security issues, military alliances play an essential role in securing international trade. Their redefinition could lead to a major reorientation of global flows.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1162Mon, 26 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1162https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1162 Anthony Edo, Jérôme Valette

]]>The share of immigrants in the population of the European Union increased between 2010 and 2024, but at very different rates across countries.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1158Tue, 13 Jan 2026 14:10:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1158https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1158 Mathieu Couttenier, Julian Marcoux, Thierry Mayer, Mathias Thoening

]]>Many analyses of armed conflicts fail to take into account the spatial origins of combatant groups, as well as the competition among them on predation markets that underlies the diffusion of violence.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1095Mon, 16 Jun 2025 08:00:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1095https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1095 Carl Grekou, Valérie Mignon

]]>Premature deindustrialization in most emerging and developing economies has been one of the defining trends of recent decades. The adoption of a fixed exchange regime by low-productivity countries particularly accelerates this phenomenon.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1093Mon, 2 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1093https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1093 Pierre Cotterlaz

]]>The importance of China in the imports of European countries varies significantly from one source to another, because of methodological differences in recording the country of origin of imports.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1089Mon, 5 May 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1089https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1089 Kevin Lefebvre, Pauline Wibaux

]]>The tariff strategy implemented since Donald Trump's inauguration has drawn attention to the extent of the U.S. economy's dependence on imports. The European Union (EU) ranks second among the suppliers on which the United States relies the most.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1084Mon, 14 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1084https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1084 Pierre Cotterlaz

]]>The United States are the main destination of European Union (EU) exports (excluding the Single Market). As transatlantic trade tensions intensify, some European industries are particularly exposed to the risk of losing access to the U.S. market.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1083Tue, 8 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1083https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1083 Antoine Bouët, Houssein Guimbard

]]>Since taking office, Donald Trump has fully embraced his 'tariff mania,' imposing higher taxes on certain countries and products, even going so far as to introduce reciprocal tariffs. This has led to a wide range of import duties on the U.S. market.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1074Wed, 19 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1074https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1074 Houssein Guimbard

]]>On average, the United States and the European Union (EU) apply relatively low tariffs. How do the levels vary by industry group ?

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1069Wed, 12 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1069https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1069 Gianluca Santoni, Vincent Vicard

]]>China dominates global trade with 730 products for which it accounts for more than half of global exports in 2023, far more than the EU, the United States, and Japan.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1061Wed, 26 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1061https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1061 Romain Capliez, Carl Grekou, Emmanuelle Hache, Valérie Mignon

]]>China, in addition to being one of the leading producers of minerals used in electric vehicle batteries, has also become the largest importer, thanks to its massive investments worldwide.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1064Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1064https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1064 Thierry Mayer, Vincent Vicard, Pauline Wibaux

]]>The automotive sector plays a central role in Donald Trump's declarations on trade deficits and his threats of protectionist measures against the European Union (EU) as well as Canada and Mexico. With a $270 billion motor vehicle trade deficit in 2023, cars are one of the major items, nearly a quarter of the total, in the US trade deficit after consumer goods.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1060Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1060https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=1060 Pierre Cotterlaz, Guillaume Gaulier, Aude Sztulman, Deniz Ünal

]]>The boom in international trade in healthcare products does not date back to the Covid-19 pandemic but to the great multilateral trade opening of the 2000s. Will the protectionist tensions that have been building since 2022 slow this growth?

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=785Mon, 17 Feb 2020 16:00:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=785https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=785 Michel Fouquin, Jean-Raphaël Chaponnière

]]>Vietnam opening up and development are closely linked to the strategies of multinational companies at the heart of the transformation of economic structures. In spite of international trade tensions, Vietnam seems to be taking advantage of this by acting as a conduit for Japanese, Korean and Chinese companies to export to the United States.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=784Fri, 14 Feb 2020 16:00:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=784https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=784 Michel Fouquin, Jean-Raphaël Chaponnière

]]>Vietnam has opted for international openness since 1986 to create a “socialist market economy”, which has allowed it to experience vigorous economic expansion. Its integration into the world economy has made it an important link in international value chains, massively importing components from China and Asia in general, and exporting, as massively, finished products to the United States and Europe.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=685Mon, 13 May 2019 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=685https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=685 Michel Fouquin, Jean-Raphaël Chaponnière

]]>China's international expansion follows multiple paths: trade, investment, finance and currency, to focus on the economy. In doing so, it pursues different objectives. The new roads project appears to be the way to provide a flexible framework for China's overall strategy. However, we can question its feasibility.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=683Mon, 29 Apr 2019 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=683https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=683 Michel Fouquin, Jean-Raphaël Chaponnière

]]>A review of China's international activity since 2013 is striking first of all by the speed with which it has made China a major player in globalization in terms of both direct investment and lending to developing countries. The Silk Roads project, which is a unique and unconventional project, appears above all as a means of gradually structuring the Chinese vision of globalization, which combines China's long-term economic and strategic interest.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=675Mon, 1 Apr 2019 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=675https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=675 Michel Fouquin, Jean-Raphaël Chaponnière

]]>Initially Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) focussed on transport infrastructure and pipelines on the one hand and Europe-Asia connectivity on the other hand. It aims at building an Eurasian Belt as well as several corridors leading to maritime roads.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=673Mon, 18 Mar 2019 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=673https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=673 Michel Fouquin, Jean-Raphaël Chaponnière

]]>For more than thirty years, China has recorded exceptional trade surpluses and accumulated extraordinary financial reserves, which are almost twice those of its immediate follower Japan. These surpluses are an inconvenience to its most important partners, such as the United States and the European Union.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=615Fri, 5 Oct 2018 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=615https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=615 Joachim Jarreau, Cristina Mitaritonna, Sami Bensassi

]]>This post, already published on The Conversation, explains how official statistics do not reflect the reality of internal trade in Africa. Intra Africa trade seems low despite numerous regional trade agreements that have led to tariffs removal within the trading blocs. However, a large part of cross-border trade between African countries is informal.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=517Tue, 27 Jun 2017 10:30:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=517https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=517 Camilo Umana Dajud

]]>The sharp drop in commodity prices has had a sizeable impact on Latin America's short term growth prospects. The decline in terms of trade has also revealed, once again, the low productivity of the region's economies. Investing in infrastructure could help Latin America simultaneously address these short and long term challenges.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=485Mon, 24 Oct 2016 11:47:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=485https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=485 Christophe Destais

]]>The recent G20 Hangzhou Summit is yet another example of the difficulties the G20 has to move ahead at cruising speed. Changes in the G20 process might help to increase its impact.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=477Wed, 7 Sep 2016 11:40:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=477https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=477 Cristina Terra

]]>Restoring fiscal austerity in Brazil is not an easy task since the government faces both exerts from privileged groups and constraints establishing minimum public expenditures on some bills. It could however be done without penalizing public services if their efficiency is improved.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=394Mon, 14 Sep 2015 12:11:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=394https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=394 Christophe Destais

]]>The decision to change the exchange rate regime of the renminbi taken by the Chinese authorities at the beginning of August might be less a response to the economic downturn than a further step, against all odds, in a bold but risky financial liberalization agenda.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=377Tue, 12 May 2015 14:18:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=377https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=377 Christophe Destais

]]>The rallying of major Western countries to the Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank provides yet another illustration of the relevance of the analogy between China's diplomacy and the game of Go aimed at placing pawns patiently to stifle one’s opponents and conquer territories.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=350Tue, 16 Dec 2014 11:58:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=350https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=350 Christophe Destais

]]>The recycling of current account and/or financial account surpluses through the accumulation of foreign exchange reserves by emerging countries after the 1999-2001 crisis, particularly by China, has been described as “smoking but not inhaling in international financial markets”.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=315Thu, 12 Jun 2014 13:29:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=315https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=315 Michel Aglietta, Guo Bai

]]>CEPII launches its third Policy Brief: “China’s Roadmap to Harmonious Society. Third Plenum Decisions on ‘major issues concerning comprehensively deepening reforms’.”

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=249Tue, 8 Oct 2013 10:44:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=249https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=249 Sébastien Jean

]]>The special and differential treatment granted to developing countries, a key principle in the multilateral trading system, now appears broken-down. Based on a speech given at the WTO Forum, this post reviews -with a focus on agriculture- why this is so and what could be done.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=238Tue, 10 Sep 2013 08:00:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=238https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=238 Christophe Destais

]]>The current turmoil in emerging capital markets is the result of a classical reversal of market sentiment after an excess of optimism. There are good reasons for being cautiously optimistic but uncertainties remain.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=215Wed, 15 May 2013 08:34:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=215https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=215 Guanghua Wan

]]>As remarkable as its economic growth, China’s income distribution has been worsening since mid-1980s. Inequality across regions, occupations and between individual all rose dramatically. More importantly, it did so in a short time.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=143Fri, 21 Sep 2012 08:00:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=143https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=143 Maria Bas, Antoine Berthou

]]>The banking reforms that took place in India in the mid 90s have improved the availability of credit. However, the effects of financial development on firms’ growth appear to be unequal depending on their characteristics. Where are the gains from credit expansion concentrated?

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=112Mon, 2 Jul 2012 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=112https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=112 Christophe Destais

]]>Although it is not advertised on its website, the Paris branch of the Bank of China is now offering its customers residing in France to open an account in Renminbi (RMB), the Chinese currency. This is a modest but symbolic advance of the big maneuvers that have taken place for the past two years around the currency of the second world economy.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=74Wed, 4 Apr 2012 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=74https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=74Authors: Asia-Europe Economic Forum

]]>The eurozone crisis presents a risk for Asian economies. Mainly, the crisis could spread through trade and various financial channels.Yet, economic impact of spillovers is not the only reason why Asia has a specific interest in the survival of the euro.

]]>https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=25Thu, 22 Dec 2011 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=25https://www.cepii.fr/BLOG/en/post.asp?IDcommunique=25 Françoise Lemoine

]]>China joined the WTO in December 2001. China and its partners had been negotiating the conditions of its accession since 1987 with two fundamental goals: integrate China into the global economy and anchor the process of domestic economic reforms and opening up.

]]>