La politique climatique d'un pays consommateur d’énergies fossiles ne peut pas être guidée par un « coût du CO2 ». Les États doivent agir en utilisant un autre levier, indépendant des cours mondiaux.

A mechanism of carbon “bonus-malus” is proposed, where the average emission rate of world countries serves as the anchor: above the threshold, countries should pay a malus, under this level, they would receive a bonus.

2015 constitue une échéance cruciale pour les négociations internationales sur le climat, ce second billet permet de comprendre le processus en cours afin de mieux anticiper ce qui peut être attendu de la COP21.

2015 constitue une échéance cruciale pour les négociations internationales sur le climat, ce premier billet permet de rappeler les évolutions récentes qui ont marqué les négociations ces dernières années.

This paper seeks to bring a historical perspective to current global financial architecture issues on the speed and scale of climate finance needed to achieve a safer two degrees world. We look back in history to a similar episode for lessons: the financing and building of railroads in the 19th century.

Low interest rates tend to favor ‘green technologies’ competitiveness while also increasing their cost volatility.

An argument in favor of Green infrastructure Quantitative Easing (GIQE).

Three factors hold back low-carbon investment in Europe: the risk/return profile of low-carbon investment projects, regulatory and behavioural features in the financial sector and a more global political economy context. These are key issues to create an investment climate for climate investment.

Financial shocks can originate from ecological imbalances what justifies more careful attention by the financial regulators to this specific risk. A new macroprudential framework is proposed.

A new UN Climate agreement will probably be signed by the end of this year with some incremental progress but even inveterate optimists like myself don’t believe it will be capable of ‘bridging the gap’ between the maximum that 196 governments can agree upon by consensus...