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EU-US trade dashboard

Sectoral composition of EU-USA trade

Goods

Figure 1: Sectoral composition of EU exports to the US, goods

Source : BACI (CEPII)

Figure 2: Sectoral composition of EU imports from the US, goods

Reading note: Figure 1 and Figure 2 plot the sectoral composition of EU exports to the USA in 2023. Each color corresponds to a sector (a “section” of the Harmonized System product nomenclature). When a product (defined at the 4-digit level of the Harmonized System) represents more than 1% of total EU exports to the US, it appears as a sub-rectangle within a sector. Source : BACI (CEPII)

Services

Figure 3: Sectoral composition of EU exports to the US, services

Source : BaTIS (OECD)

Figure 4: Sectoral composition of EU imports from the US, services

Reading note: Figure 3 and Figure 4 plot the sectoral composition of EU-USA trade in services in 2023. Source : BaTIS (OECD)

Most exposed sectors and countries

Sector exposure, goods

Figure 5: Sector exposure, exports, goods

Source : BACI (CEPII)

Figure 6: Sector exposure, imports, goods

Reading note: Figure 5 and Figure 6 plot the share of EU exports going to the USA, by sector. For instance, in 2023, 29.9% of EU exports in the “Chemicals and Pharmaceutical” sector are exported to the USA (intra-EU flows excluded), and 14.3% of EU exports in the “Chemicals and Pharmaceutical” sector are exported to the USA (intra-EU flows included). Source : BACI (CEPII)

Country exposure, goods

Figure 7: Country exposure, exports, goods

Source : BACI (CEPII)

Figure 8: Country exposure, imports, goods

Reading note: Figure 7 and Figure 8 plot the share of each country’s exports going to the USA. In 2023, 44.9% of Irish exports have the USA as destination (excluding intra-EU flows), and 27.5% of Irish exports have the USA as destination (including intra-EU flows). Source : BACI (CEPII)

Table 1: Bilateral trade balance on goods with the USA, by EU country, 2023
Country Exports (billions €) Imports (billions €) Balance (billions €)
Germany 157.73 72.04 85.69
Italy 67.17 25.24 41.93
Ireland 51.28 21.91 29.37
Sweden 16.28 6.30 9.98
Austria 14.75 5.08 9.67
Finland 8.49 2.87 5.62
Denmark 9.93 5.27 4.66
Slovakia 4.87 0.66 4.21
Portugal 5.24 2.25 2.99
Hungary 4.36 2.06 2.30
Czechia 5.59 3.66 1.92
Romania 2.15 1.37 0.77
Greece 2.12 1.51 0.61
Bulgaria 1.14 0.55 0.59
Poland 11.00 10.41 0.59
Slovenia 0.87 0.29 0.57
Latvia 0.51 0.23 0.28
Estonia 0.50 0.28 0.22
France 43.88 43.83 0.06
Cyprus 0.14 0.14 0.00
Luxembourg 0.52 0.61 -0.09
Malta 0.13 0.25 -0.12
Croatia 0.59 1.07 -0.48
Lithuania 1.89 2.82 -0.94
Belgium 33.30 36.13 -2.83
Spain 18.91 24.54 -5.63
Netherlands 40.51 75.81 -35.30
Total 503.85 347.18 156.64

Source : Comext (Eurostat)

Sector exposure, services

Figure 9: Sector exposure, services, exports

Source : BaTIS (OECD)

Figure 10: Sector exposure, services, imports

Source : BaTIS (OECD)

Country exposure, services

Figure 11: Country exposure, services, exports

Source : BaTIS (OECD)

Figure 12: Country exposure, services, imports

Source : BaTIS (OECD)

Table 2: Bilateral trade balance on services with the USA, by EU country, 2023
Country Credit (billions €) Debit (billions €) Balance (billions €)
France 44.24 27.58 16.66
Spain NA NA 8.78
Germany 66.65 59.60 7.06
Poland 9.67 4.18 5.49
Portugal 4.93 1.59 3.34
Greece 3.33 0.69 2.64
Italy 13.79 11.53 2.26
Cyprus 4.14 1.89 2.25
Czechia 3.09 1.18 1.91
Romania 2.81 0.99 1.82
Hungary 3.48 1.76 1.71
Finland 4.96 4.03 0.93
Bulgaria 1.05 0.25 0.80
Croatia 1.02 0.27 0.74
Estonia 0.83 0.36 0.47
Lithuania 0.78 0.46 0.33
Slovakia 0.58 0.34 0.24
Slovenia 0.37 0.14 0.23
Latvia 0.45 0.27 0.18
Malta 0.70 1.25 -0.55
Austria 3.06 3.81 -0.74
Sweden 12.81 13.64 -0.82
Belgium 15.65 17.50 -1.85
Denmark 13.22 16.26 -3.04
Luxembourg NA NA -10.99
Netherlands 23.77 44.19 -20.42
Ireland 52.76 186.60 -133.84
Total 288.14 400.36 -114.41

Source : Balance of Payments (Eurostat)

Dependencies

Figure 13: Geographic origin of import dependent products

Reading note: In 2023, out of 393 products for which the European Union is dependent on its imports, the United States is the leading exporter of 20 of them, i.e. 5%. Source : Geodep (CEPII)

Figure 14: Number of import dependent products between EU and USA, by sector

Reading note: In 2023, out of 88 products for which the United States is dependent on imports from the European Union, 25 belong to the chemicals and pharmaceuticals sector. Source : Geodep (CEPII)

Download the list of import dependent products.

Trade protection

Table 3: EU trade protection on imports from the USA
Harmonized System section Average tariff (%)a Imports (billions USD) US share in world trade (%) US share in EU imports (%)
Animal products 36.1 1.48 11.2 4.2
Food products 11.8 4.04 9.7 5.9
Fats, oils 8.0 0.24 2.2 1.5
Footwear, headgear 7.8 0.21 1.3 0.7
Textiles 7.4 2.02 3.6 1.4
Transport equipment 6.4 38.89 12.5 17.1
Vegetable products 6.2 7.51 14.1 9.9
Plastics, rubber 5.4 11.53 13.4 13.6
Stone articles 3.4 2.72 8.1 13.8
Hides, skins 3.1 0.47 3.1 3.0
Metals 2.5 8.70 7.2 5.2
Chemicals, pharmaceuticals 2.3 76.55 13.9 26.3
Miscellaneous articles 1.7 1.97 4.6 3.1
Arms, ammunition 1.6 0.91 30.1 38.7
Machinery, appliances 1.1 63.52 8.6 9.6
Wood 1.0 1.10 8.7 8.9
Mineral products 0.6 94.72 11.3 15.2
Instruments 0.4 32.32 17.8 29.5
Precious stones 0.3 6.77 6.8 13.1
Pulp 0.0 2.75 14.4 14.6
Works of art 0.0 2.03 26.1 37.5
a Average tariff corresponds to the average of ad-valorem equivalents of applied tariffs. For more information, see Guimbard et al. (2012)

Reading note: In 2023, the EU27 applies an average tariff of 36.1% to the USA in “Animal products”. European imports from the USA amount to $1.48 billion. In this sector, the USA accounts for 11.2% of world trade, while its share on the European market is 4.2%. Intra-EU flows are excluded. Source : MacMap (CEPII) and BACI (CEPII).

Table 4: US trade protection on imports from the EU
Harmonized System section Average tariff (%)a Imports (billions USD) EU share in world trade (%) EU share in US imports (%)
Footwear, headgear 11.2 3.44 10.5 10.7
Textiles 10.2 6.98 8.7 5.9
Food products 9.4 19.89 23.0 20.5
Animal products 9.2 4.51 15.8 10.9
Hides, skins 7.3 3.67 26.7 24.8
Fats, oils 5.7 2.20 9.7 14.1
Plastics, rubber 4.4 14.36 14.1 13.3
Stone articles 4.4 5.86 18.4 23.0
Transport equipment 3.1 84.63 24.6 20.1
Vegetable products 2.7 3.11 8.5 5.2
Precious stones 2.0 9.70 7.2 12.2
Chemicals, pharmaceuticals 1.5 148.63 28.3 48.1
Metals 1.5 24.18 12.3 14.4
Miscellaneous articles 1.5 7.68 10.9 6.3
Arms, ammunition 1.3 1.94 26.9 46.3
Wood 1.2 3.40 20.0 13.7
Machinery, appliances 1.1 129.64 12.7 14.3
Mineral products 0.7 16.73 4.1 6.2
Instruments 0.5 33.98 20.9 26.7
Pulp 0.0 4.45 20.4 16.0
Works of art 0.0 2.74 24.0 43.1
a Average tariff corresponds to the average of ad-valorem equivalents of applied tariffs. For more information, see Guimbard et al. (2012)

Reading note: In 2023, the USA applies an average tariff of 9.2% to the EU in “Animal products”. US imports from the EU amount to $19.89 billion. In this sector, the EU accounts for 23% of world trade, while its share on the US market is 20.5%. Intra-EU flows are excluded. Source : MacMap (CEPII) and BACI (CEPII).

Download the tariffs by product.

Further information

For more data vizualisation, see the CEPII country profiles and region profiles.

References

Arel-Bundock V (2025). tinytable: Simple and Configurable Tables in ‘HTML’, ‘LaTeX’, ‘Markdown’, ‘Word’, ‘PNG’, ‘PDF’, and ‘Typst’ Formats. R package version 0.7.0.8, https://vincentarelbundock.github.io/tinytable/

Arel-Bundock, Vincent, Nils Enevoldsen, and CJ Yetman, (2018). countrycode: An R package to convert country names and country codes. Journal of Open Source Software, 3(28), 848, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.00848