France stands out for the significant role that imports play in the dynamics of its carbon footprint. Between 2000 and 2014, trade openness worsened France’s carbon footprint, in particular because of the rapid growth of Chinese imports until 2008. At the same time, technological progress in France but, especially, abroad led to a modest reduction in the carbon footprint. For a relatively low emitting country like France, changes occurring outside national borders play a key role in the evolution of the carbon footprint. This observation highlights the need to coordinate national efforts with international strategies to reduce emissions linked to the production of our trade partners.  Pierre Cotterlaz, Christophe Gouel

The globalization of the economy and the absence of a common tax framework allows multinational enterprises to artificially locate their profits in low-tax jurisdictions, which reduces public revenues and fuels international tensions. Over the past fifteen years, a multilateral dynamic had taken shape, raising hopes for a global-scale regulation of multinational corporate taxation. The recent return to unilateral policies jeopardizes the construction of this new equilibrium.  Alessandro Ferrari, Sébastien Laffite, Mathieu Parenti, Farid Toubal